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DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1280162
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Gestationsbedingte trophoblastäre Erkrankungen und deren zervikale Implantation: Kasuistik und Literaturübersicht
Gestational Trophoblastic Disease and its Cervical Implantation: Case Report and Review of the LiteraturePublication History
eingereicht 4.4.2011
akzeptiert 26.7.2011
Publication Date:
02 November 2011 (online)

Zusammenfassung
Gestationsbedingte trophoblastäre Erkrankungen stellen eine komplexe Gruppe von Erkrankungen dar. Die trophoblastären Erkrankungen werden nach histopathologischen Kriterien in villöse und nicht villöse eingeteilt. Die WHO-Klassifikation der trophoblastären Erkrankungen umfasst dabei komplette/partielle Molen, invasive Molen, das Chorionkarzinom, den Plazentabetttumor (PSTT), den epitheloiden Trophoblasttumor (ETT), das Plazentabettknötchen (PSN) und die hyperplastische Implantationsstelle des Plazentabetts (exaggerated placental site). Molen im Rahmen von Schwangerschaften treten meist im 1. Trimenon auf, sind grundsätzlich aber ein seltenes Ereignis. Das klinische Erscheinungsbild ist dabei typischerweise durch eine vaginale Blutung in Kombination mit exzessiv hohen beta-hCG-Werten gekennzeichnet. Therapeutische Optionen bestehen im systemischen Einsatz von Methotrexat bzw. in der operativen Sanierung. Molare Schwangerschaften können auch extrauterin bzw. zervikal lokalisiert sein. Vermutlich führen hier die gleichen Faktoren wie bei einer nicht molaren Schwangerschaft zu einer ektopen Implantation. Aktuell sind hierzu 3 Fälle publiziert, die klinisch alle mit einer vaginalen Blutung auffällig wurden und entweder durch Methotrexat oder durch eine Kürettage therapiert wurden. Zusammenfassend scheint auch zur Vermeidung einer molaren ektopen Schwangeschaft ein schonendes chirurgisches Management bei Kürettagen von entscheidender Bedeutung zu sein.
Abstract
Gestational trophoblastic disease is a generic term for a diverse group of medical conditions. The WHO classification of gestational trophoblast disease includes complete and partial hydatidiform mole, invasive mole, choriocarcinoma, placental site trophoblastic tumor (PSTT), epitheloid trophoblastic tumor (ETT), exaggerated placental site and placental site nodule. Molar pregnancies usually present in the first trimester but are a very rare event. The most common symptom is vaginal bleeding in combination with excessive beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG) levels. Therapeutic options are a systemic application of methotrexate or surgery. Hydatidiform moles may have an extrauterine or a cervical location. Presumably, the risk factors for an ectopic localization are similar to those for non-molar pregnancies. Currently, only three cases of cervical hydatidiform molar pregnancies have been reported in the literature. In all three cases the women presented with severe vaginal bleeding and were treated with methotrexate or surgery. In summary, careful surgical treatment during curettage is necessary to avoid molar ectopic pregnancies.
Schlüsselwörter
trophoblastäre Erkrankungen - Mole - Zervix
Key words
gestational trophoblast disease - molar pregnancy - cervix
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Priv.-Doz. Dr. med. habil. Daniel Herr
Universitätsfrauenklinik Ulm
Prittwitzstraße 43
89075 Ulm
Email: daherr@gmx.de